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1) What are some of the reasons that personality tests are flawed?
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== 더 메이븐 수업준비 : 2021.1.22 ==
  
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=== What Will The Film Industry Look Like Post COVID-19 Pandemic? ===
  
There are some design flaws in personality tests.
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The movie industry has been through such a dramatic shift during the pandemic. Many theaters have closed, and there are worries the industry will never return to the previous normal.
  
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=== Words and Expressions ===
  
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go out of business
  
First and foremost, the tests are self-evaluated so these can't guarantee the truth of the answers. Secondly, it excludes ambiverts by forcing people to choose only one answer. Also, the popularized terms introvert and extrovert has changed over the course of the era. Lastly, it's controversial whether personality is stable and measurable feature of an individual.
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make an alternative argument
  
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upfront compensation
  
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score (adv) 아주 많은 /  I was talking to somebody who works on scores for movies.
  
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a streaming platform
  
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=== Sentences that interest me ===
  
2) What harm can using personality tests for students and employees cause? Why do you think schools and companies continue to use them?
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'''The pandemic exposed a fundamental weakness in''' the theatrical model.
  
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The future for this company '''is going to be digital'''.
  
It can deprive people of opportunities they'd excel at, or discourages them from considering certain paths. I think that schools and companies continue to use them to get as much information as possible they can.
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'''Money aside,''' there have got to be a lot of directors, actors, people who care about the craft who hate this trend.
  
 
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John Horn, '''it's a pleasure talking with you.'''
  
3) Has your personality changed during your life? If it has, what do you think was the cause behind this shift? If it hasn’t, do you think your personality will remain the same your entire life?
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'''Pleasure's all mine.'''
  
 
  
I think that my personality has changed during my life. Honestly, I can be either introvert or extrovert depending on the situation around me. I don't believe that personality is born. It can be carved by environments around people and  their efforts.
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=== Transcript ===
  
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NOEL KING, HOST:
  
4) Why do you think personality tests are so popular? Are there any benefits to using these tests?
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The movie business changed dramatically this year. The most basic reason - movie theaters are mostly closed. And this month, Warner Brothers announced that all of its movies next year will stream on HBO Max on the same day that they get to theaters. Our co-host, Steve, talked to John Horn, who covers the entertainment industry from member station KPCC in Los Angeles.
  
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JOHN HORN, BYLINE: Movie theaters are about to go out of business. I mean, I think that's the biggest story. If you were to look at the biggest chains right now, they could barely scrape enough money together to buy a big tub of popcorn and a box of Red Vines. I mean, they have gone from a multibillion-dollar business to basically no money overnight.
  
The first reason of their popularity is due to curiosity. The more we want to find who we are, the more tools we develop and test. Even though, these personal tests are not reliable, I think that it was a good trial because we were able to know that these tools didn't work at least.
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STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:
  
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Isn't this just a temporary thing, though, because of the pandemic?
  
5) Have you taken any of the personality tests mentioned in the clip? Did you think they were accurate? Do you agree with the video's criticisms of them?
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HORN: Well, you could argue that, but I would make an alternative argument, and I would say that the pandemic has accelerated what was inevitable. If you look at admissions at movie theaters, it has been flat to declining over the past decade. On top of that, the pandemic exposed, I think, a fundamental weakness in the theatrical model, and that is that they haven't changed their business in a century. And the world has changed that if you want to watch a movie right now, you can dial it up on Netflix and watch it right now. You don't have to wait to go to the multiplex and wait in line and buy a $10 popcorn.
  
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INSKEEP: And you're telling me that the Warner Brothers announcement, which seemed to me like one more temporary expedient, is actually just accelerating where the world is headed?
  
I've taken MBTI and Enneagram even though I don't remember the results that I got in the past.
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HORN: Well, yeah. What Warner Brothers said is we have decided that the future for this company is going to be digital. They said it's only going to last a year. But that to me is a a bell that they cannot unring at the end of 2021.
  
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INSKEEP: Is anybody else besides theaters cut out of the business or harmed when theaters cease being the primary way that first-run movies are distributed?
  
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HORN: Yes. A lot of actors and directors make deals that involve a lot of contingent compensation. So you remember Tom Cruise used to get $20 million a movie. The studio said, why are we paying you that much money when the movie may not work? So what a lot of actors and directors have been doing is cutting their upfront compensation for a share of the revenue. And it's almost always tied to box office. So let's say, Steve, you're a $10 million movie star. The studio says, how about we pay you a million, but we're going to give you 10% of the box office proceeds? You go, OK, that actually could bring me more money.
  
I agree with the criticisms in the video. Moreover, I think that people are animals to adapt to their environments, which means their personalities can change during their entire lives.
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INSKEEP: Yeah.
  
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HORN: If there is no box office, that money is gone. And it's not just the Tom Cruises of the world. I was talking to somebody who works on scores for movies, and he said when one of his films goes to a streaming platform, he makes 10 cents on the dollar in terms of his royalty. His work is the same, but because it's debuting on a streaming platform and not at the multiplex, he's taking 90% pay cut in his royalties.
  
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INSKEEP: Money aside, there have got to be a lot of directors, actors, people who care about the craft who hate this trend.
  
What are some things you can learn from taking a test like this? Are there other ways to learn about someone's personality?
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HORN: They hate it. But the argument is a studio is like a restaurant, and they've got a freezer full of food that's going to go bad. This happens to be movies. So they used to do dining inside - show your movie at the theater. Then they said, OK, what do we do? Dining outside, maybe a drive-in model. And now they're doing the takeout delivery model, which is we're going to take our movies to streaming platforms because we can't do what we've done before. So it has left the filmmakers quite unhappy. But if you're a studio, what are you supposed to do? You have these movies. They have got to get seen, and they have no way to do it.
  
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INSKEEP: John Horn, it's a pleasure talking with you.
  
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HORN: Pleasure's all mine.
  
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(SOUNDBITE OF THE CINEMATIC ORCHESTRA'S "NECROLOGY")
  
It was useful in that I could check who has the similar personality like me. I think that these 16 types of categories help us to get to know more about differences between people.  
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KING: John Horn hosts the podcast "Hollywood, The Sequel," and he covers entertainment for KPCC.
  
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(SOUNDBITE OF THE CINEMATIC ORCHESTRA'S "NECROLOGY")
  
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Copyright © 2020 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
  
The most accurate way when it comes to learning about someone's personality is to spend time together for a long time. The fastest and effective ways are to take tests such as MBTI and Enneagram together, and talk to each other about the results.
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NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.
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[[분류:연습장]][[분류:영어수업]]

2021년 1월 22일 (금) 12:35 판

1 더 메이븐 수업준비 : 2021.1.22

1.1 What Will The Film Industry Look Like Post COVID-19 Pandemic?

The movie industry has been through such a dramatic shift during the pandemic. Many theaters have closed, and there are worries the industry will never return to the previous normal.

1.2 Words and Expressions

go out of business

make an alternative argument

upfront compensation

score (adv) 아주 많은 / I was talking to somebody who works on scores for movies.

a streaming platform

1.3 Sentences that interest me

The pandemic exposed a fundamental weakness in the theatrical model.

The future for this company is going to be digital.

Money aside, there have got to be a lot of directors, actors, people who care about the craft who hate this trend.

John Horn, it's a pleasure talking with you.

Pleasure's all mine.

1.4 Transcript

NOEL KING, HOST:

The movie business changed dramatically this year. The most basic reason - movie theaters are mostly closed. And this month, Warner Brothers announced that all of its movies next year will stream on HBO Max on the same day that they get to theaters. Our co-host, Steve, talked to John Horn, who covers the entertainment industry from member station KPCC in Los Angeles.

JOHN HORN, BYLINE: Movie theaters are about to go out of business. I mean, I think that's the biggest story. If you were to look at the biggest chains right now, they could barely scrape enough money together to buy a big tub of popcorn and a box of Red Vines. I mean, they have gone from a multibillion-dollar business to basically no money overnight.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

Isn't this just a temporary thing, though, because of the pandemic?

HORN: Well, you could argue that, but I would make an alternative argument, and I would say that the pandemic has accelerated what was inevitable. If you look at admissions at movie theaters, it has been flat to declining over the past decade. On top of that, the pandemic exposed, I think, a fundamental weakness in the theatrical model, and that is that they haven't changed their business in a century. And the world has changed that if you want to watch a movie right now, you can dial it up on Netflix and watch it right now. You don't have to wait to go to the multiplex and wait in line and buy a $10 popcorn.

INSKEEP: And you're telling me that the Warner Brothers announcement, which seemed to me like one more temporary expedient, is actually just accelerating where the world is headed?

HORN: Well, yeah. What Warner Brothers said is we have decided that the future for this company is going to be digital. They said it's only going to last a year. But that to me is a a bell that they cannot unring at the end of 2021.

INSKEEP: Is anybody else besides theaters cut out of the business or harmed when theaters cease being the primary way that first-run movies are distributed?

HORN: Yes. A lot of actors and directors make deals that involve a lot of contingent compensation. So you remember Tom Cruise used to get $20 million a movie. The studio said, why are we paying you that much money when the movie may not work? So what a lot of actors and directors have been doing is cutting their upfront compensation for a share of the revenue. And it's almost always tied to box office. So let's say, Steve, you're a $10 million movie star. The studio says, how about we pay you a million, but we're going to give you 10% of the box office proceeds? You go, OK, that actually could bring me more money.

INSKEEP: Yeah.

HORN: If there is no box office, that money is gone. And it's not just the Tom Cruises of the world. I was talking to somebody who works on scores for movies, and he said when one of his films goes to a streaming platform, he makes 10 cents on the dollar in terms of his royalty. His work is the same, but because it's debuting on a streaming platform and not at the multiplex, he's taking 90% pay cut in his royalties.

INSKEEP: Money aside, there have got to be a lot of directors, actors, people who care about the craft who hate this trend.

HORN: They hate it. But the argument is a studio is like a restaurant, and they've got a freezer full of food that's going to go bad. This happens to be movies. So they used to do dining inside - show your movie at the theater. Then they said, OK, what do we do? Dining outside, maybe a drive-in model. And now they're doing the takeout delivery model, which is we're going to take our movies to streaming platforms because we can't do what we've done before. So it has left the filmmakers quite unhappy. But if you're a studio, what are you supposed to do? You have these movies. They have got to get seen, and they have no way to do it.

INSKEEP: John Horn, it's a pleasure talking with you.

HORN: Pleasure's all mine.

(SOUNDBITE OF THE CINEMATIC ORCHESTRA'S "NECROLOGY")

KING: John Horn hosts the podcast "Hollywood, The Sequel," and he covers entertainment for KPCC.

(SOUNDBITE OF THE CINEMATIC ORCHESTRA'S "NECROLOGY")

Copyright © 2020 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.